Planiwg-machiete



rrnp s'iafrns PATENT OFFRE DANIEL STEARNS, OF ROME, NEW YORK.

PLANING-MACI-IINE.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 8,808, dated March 16, 1852.

To all fr/tom t may con-cern.'

Be it known that I, DANIEL STEARNS, of Rome, in the county of OneidaandlState of New York, have invented cert-ainV new and usefulImprovements in Machines for Planing Lumber, of which the following is afull, clear, and exact description, reference `being had to theaccompanying drawings,

`the machine and in its direct movement `effects the planing of theportion of the board drawn in. j t

The first part of my invention consists 1n a method of setting the planeiron to cut l shavings of greater or less thickness by securingthefplane iron to a stock, which can be turned upon a pivot, to raise ordepress that portion of it to which the plane iron is secured.

The second part of my invention consists of a combination of self actingspring clamps, which effect the `clamping of the board to the planecarriage when the latter is retrogradingbut when the plane carriage isadvancing to plane the board clamp the latter to the bed of the machineand hold it stationary while the plane irons are acting upon it. 1

The several acting members of the planingmachine represented in theaccompanying drawings are all secured to a `bed frame or bench A. Theplaning carriage is situated at one side `of thisbed frame, its face orthat side at which the plane irons pro-` trude being perpendicularthereto. 4The lower side of this carriage is grooved longitudinally tolit a way c which is secured to the bed frame and guides the carriage inmoving to and fro. The upper side of the carriage is also grooved to litan upper way CZ `whichis secured to the extremities of two brackets e ethat project` upward from the bed frame A, and which maintains thecarriage in its proper position while moving.` One extremity of thecarriage 1s `upon it.

linked by a conecting rod F to the wrist of a disk crank G which issecured to the extremity of a horizontal shaft H, to which the power isapplied. Immediately opposite and facing the plane carriage B is anadjustable plate J, to support the back of the board while the planeirons are acting This back plate has feet 7c 7c, which project at itslower edge to slide upon the bed frame as the back plate is moved towardor from the adjacent face of the plane carriage, `and these feet areslotted at right angles with the face of the plate to admit clamp screwsZ, l, by means of which the back plate can be clamped firmly in whateverposit-ion it may be set with reference to the plane carriage. The lowerside of this back plate projects beyond its face to form a ledge or waym, on which the lower edge of the board presented to the machine issupported. This back plate is connected by link rods n, n, with toes 79jo that project upward from a horizontal shaft R whose journals arefitted in boxes g g, secured to the bed frame, and this shaft has a handlever S secured to it, by turning which the shaft is rotated to draw theback plate from the faceof the plane carriage or to move it toward thelatter as may be desired to adapt the `machine to plane boards or planksof different thickness.

The plane carriage in the present example is fitted with only two planeirons T and T', the first of which reduces the lumber while the second(T) smooths the surface. Each of theseplane irons is secured to a stockU, whose front face is inclined to form a seat of the proper inclinationfor the plane iron. Each plane stock is hinged to across bar V of theplane carriage at a point intermediate between the` edge of the planeiron and the hinder extremity of the stock. This hinder extremity israised or depressed by means of a screw w, which is passed through aloose nut in the plane stock, and bears at its lower end upon th' crossbar V of the plane carriage. The neck of the screw is passed through acrossbar y, on the outer side or back of the plane carriage and has acollar e secured to it which prevents the screw from working outwardwhen turned to depress the hinder extremity of the plane stock.

From the above arrangement it is evident that when the set screw w isturned in one direction the plane stock will be rocked upon its pivot toprotrude the edge of the plane iron secured to it from the face of theplane carriage, thus giving the plane iron a ranker set, while byturning the set screw inthe opposite direction the edge of the planeiron will be drawn inward, or will have a iinerV set imparted to it.

The clamps by means of which the board is alternately secured to theplane carriage and made fast upon the bed frame are three in number, twoI, I, being stationary upon the bed frame and the third L, being securedto and moved 'with the plane carriage. The stationary clamps I I arepivoted upon upright shafts secured to the bed frame, the one I at thefront extremity and the other I at the back extremity of the trackdescribed by the plane carriage B. Their faces a which are opposite tothe face of the back plate J are curved eccentrically to their shaftsand are toothed or fluted to enable them to bite into and grip theboard. The upper extremities of the shafts are connected with the backplate J by adjustable screw bolts b b which prevent them from yieldingto the strain incident to the gripping of the board, and each clamp isfitted with an arm g which is drawn toward the back plate by a spring itto turn the more protuberant portions of the fluted face of the clamptoward the back plate.

` The clamp L upon the plane carriage is pivoted to a shaft thatprecedes the first plane iron. Its face is also eccentric to its shaftand is toothed or fluted to enable it to grip the board. This clamp isfitted with an arm z' and spring j, to turn the more protuberant portionof its face toward the back plate, and the amount of this turning islimited by a set screw 1" that is passed through the front cross bar sof the plane carriage. f

When this machine is to be used the back plate is set by turning therock shaft at a distance from the edge of the hindermost plane iron inthe series equal to the thickness required in the planed board, and issecured in its position by the clamp. screws Z Z.v The bolts whichconnect the upper extremities of the clamp shafts with the back plateare screwed up to prevent the clamps from :yielding to the strain, andpower is applied to turn. the crank shaft I-I by whose rotation theVplane carriage B is caused to move to and fro upon its ways. A board tobe planed is inserted endwise between the forward clamp I andthe backplate, and is shoved forward within the range of the clamp L on theplane carriage. As this carriage advances the spring of this clampyields to permit it to pass over the extremity of the board", but as theplane carriage retrogrades the flutes of the clamp, being borne bythepressure of the spring upon the rough face of the unplaned board, biteinto ituntil the further turning of the clamp upon its shaft is stoppedby the set screwy r, after which the continued retrograde movement ofthe plane carriage draws the board along of t-he board upon its face andto present less protuberant portions to the board, thus increasing thespace between its face and that of the back plate. riage reaches theextremity of its back stroke the board becomes stationary, but as thecarriage begins to advance the forward clamp, whose face is continuallyborne upon the board by its spring, turns by the rubbing of the board asthe carriage tends to shove it forward. As the clamp turns the moreprotuberant portions of its fluted face are brought into contact withthe board whose lateral movement is prevented by the back plate, and thefurther backward movement of the board by the carriage is prevented bythe jamming of the clamp, whose flutes bite into its rough surface.board is thus prevented from moving with the carriage the latter passesover its face, and the plane irons reduce and smooth it.

This movement of the plane carriage is not lopposed by the carriageclamp L, for the spring of the latteryields to permit it to turn andglide over the face of the board. W hen the carriage again commences toYretrograde, its clamp taking a fresh hold upon the board draws itfarther into the machine, while the stationary clamp yields and allowsthe board to glide past it. The board is thus alternately drawn into themachine by the retrograde movement of the plane carriage and planed bythe direct movement thereof, the reciprocating plane carriage acting inconnection with the clamps as a feed motion. As the planed extremity ofthe board is forced out of the machine it passes between the back plateand the face of the hinder clamp I, which acts simultaneously with theforward one to hold the board firmly upon the back plate while the planeirons are acting upon it and to yield as the board is drawn farther intothe machine. As this hinder clamp bears upon the finished face of theboard it is advisable in most cases to make its eccentric face perfectlysmooth in order that it may not mar the finished surface.

A planing machine constructed as above set forth not only possesses theadvantage of etliciency but is superior in point of low cost andsimplicity to those in general use.

It is specially adapted for shop work as it As the plane car-y As theThe method of setting plane irons will be` j lfound extremely-convenientfor it not only insures the setting of the edge of the plane iron inpositions always parallel to each other, but permits this to be done bythe turning of a single screw.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is-Constructing, arranging, and operating a reciprocating plane which cutsolf the shaving by its forward stroke and feeds the board by itsbackward stroke, and the clamps and grips or stops with which such aplane is connected as herein described, so that the board is fed at theback stroke of the plane and planed at its forward stroke a distanceequal, or thereabout to the throw subscribed my name.

. DANIEL STE-ARNS. Witnesses:

l E. S. RENNICK,

P. H. WATSON.

